Java8 Runnable Lambda 表达式
本章节我们重点来讲讲 Java 8 中的 Runnable
Lambda 表达式。众所周知,Java 8 中的 Runable
和 Callable
两个接口都添加了 @FunctionalInterface
注解,因此我们可以直接使用 Lambda 表达式来代替它们的 run()
和 call()
方法
Runnable 表达式
Java 8 开始支持 Lambda 表达式,所以,好像,一夜间,所有添加了 @FunctionalInterface
注解的方法都可以使用 Lambda 表达式来创建实例,Runnable
也不例外,我们可以直接使用一个 Lambda 表达式来创建它的实例
Runnable r = () -> System.out.println("Hello World!"); Thread th = new Thread(r); th.start();
运行结果输出为 Hello World
,是不是很神奇,如果没有 Lambda 表达式,那么原来的代码可能如下
Runnable r = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("Hello World!"); } }; Thread th = new Thread(r); th.start();
如果我们的 Lambda 表达式需要多行代码,可以用一对打括号 {}
扩起来,就像下面这样
Runnable r = () -> { Consumer<Book> style = (Book b) -> System.out.println("Book Id:"+b.getId() + ", Book Name:"+b.getName()); list.forEach(style); };
如果 Lambda 表达式需要使用到外部的参数,那么必须对参数添加 final
修饰符表示参数不可变更。
final List<Book> list = Arrays.asList(new Book(1, "Ramayan"), new Book(2, "Mahabharat")); Runnable r = () -> { Consumer<Book> style = (Book b) -> System.out.println("Book Id:"+b.getId() + ", Book Name:"+b.getName()); list.forEach(style); };
我们还可以把 Runnable
表达式作为参数传递给 Thread
相关的方法
我们首先来定一个 Book.java
类
Book.java
package cn.twle.util.runnable; public class Book { public int id; public String name; public Book(int id, String name){ this.id = id; this.name = name; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public void print(){ System.out.println("id:"+id + ", Name:"+name); } }
然后在一个 Runnable
中输出书籍的一些信息
Java8RunnableDemo.java
package cn.twle.util.runnable; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import java.util.function.Consumer; import com.concretepage.Book; public class Java8RunnableDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { final List<Book> list = Arrays.asList(new Book(1, "Ramayan"), new Book(2, "Mahabharat")); Runnable r1 = () -> list.forEach(Book::print); Thread th1 = new Thread(r1); th1.start(); Runnable r2 = () -> { Consumer<Book> style = (Book b) -> System.out.println("Book Id:"+b.getId() + ", Book Name:"+b.getName()); list.forEach(style); }; Thread th2 = new Thread(r2); th2.start(); } }
运行结果如下
id:1, Name:Ramayan Book Id:1, Book Name:Ramayan id:2, Name:Mahabharat Book Id:2, Book Name:Mahabharat
同样的,我们还可以在 ExecutorService
中运行 Runnable
Java8RunnableDemoExecutor.java
package cn.twle.util.runnable; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.function.Consumer; import com.concretepage.Book; public class Java8RunnableDemoExecutor { public static void main(String[] args) { final List<Book> list = Arrays.asList(new Book(1, "Ramayan"), new Book(2, "Mahabharat")); ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); Runnable r1 = () -> list.forEach(Book::print); service.execute(r1); Runnable r2 = () -> { Consumer<Book> style = (Book b) -> System.out.println("Book Id:"+b.getId() + ", Book Name:"+b.getName()); list.forEach(style); }; service.execute(r2); } }