SQL 别名 ( AS )
SQL 中允许临时给表名或列名称指定别名,创建别名是为了让列名称的可读性更强
别名只是当前 SQL 语句执行过程中临时的改变,在数据库中实际的表的名称不会改变
SQL 中创建别名使用 AS
关键字
如果列名称包含空格,要求使用双引号或方括号
-
列的 SQL 别名
SELECT column_name AS alias_name FROM table_name;
-
表的别名
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name AS alias_name;
演示数据
先在 MySQL 数据库运行下面的语句创建测试数据
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS twle default character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_unicode_ci; USE twle; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `lession_views`; CREATE TABLE `lession_views` ( uniq bigint(20) primary key NOT NULL default '0' , lession_name varchar(32) default '', lession_id int(11) default '0', date_at int(11) NOT NULL default '0', views int(11) NOT NULL default '0' ); INSERT INTO lession_views(uniq,lession_name,lession_id,date_at,views) VALUES (20170511000001,'Python 基础教程',1,20170511,320), (20170511000002,'Scala 基础教程', 2,20170511,22), (20170511000003,'Ruby 基础教程', 3, 20170511,49), (20170512000001,'Python 基础教程',1,20170512,220), (20170512000002,'Scala 基础教程',2,20170512,12), (20170512000003,'Ruby 基础教程',3,20170512,63), (20170513000001,'Python 基础教程',1,20170513,441), (20170513000002,'Scala 基础教程',2,20170513,39), (20170513000003,'Ruby 基础教程',3,20170513,87), (20170513000004,NULL,NULL,20170513,441);
使用 SELECT * FROM lession_views;
运行结果如下
+----------------+---------------------+------------+----------+-------+ | uniq | lession_name | lession_id | date_at | views | +----------------+---------------------+------------+----------+-------+ | 20170511000001 | Python 基础教程 | 1 | 20170511 | 320 | | 20170511000002 | Scala 基础教程 | 2 | 20170511 | 22 | | 20170511000003 | Ruby 基础教程 | 3 | 20170511 | 49 | | 20170512000001 | Python 基础教程 | 1 | 20170512 | 220 | | 20170512000002 | Scala 基础教程 | 2 | 20170512 | 12 | | 20170512000003 | Ruby 基础教程 | 3 | 20170512 | 63 | | 20170513000001 | Python 基础教程 | 1 | 20170513 | 441 | | 20170513000002 | Scala 基础教程 | 2 | 20170513 | 39 | | 20170513000003 | Ruby 基础教程 | 3 | 20170513 | 87 | | 20170513000004 | NULL | NULL | 20170513 | 441 | +----------------+---------------------+------------+----------+-------+
总共有 10 条记录
列的别名 范例
下面的 SQL 语句为 lession_name
和 lession_id
指定别名 name
和 lid
SELECT lession_id as lid, lession_name as name, date_at, views FROM lession_views;
运行结果如下
mysql> SELECT lession_id as lid, lession_name as name, date_at, views FROM lession_views; +------+---------------------+----------+-------+ | lid | name | date_at | views | +------+---------------------+----------+-------+ | 1 | Python 基础教程 | 20170511 | 320 | | 2 | Scala 基础教程 | 20170511 | 22 | | 3 | Ruby 基础教程 | 20170511 | 49 | | 1 | Python 基础教程 | 20170512 | 220 | | 2 | Scala 基础教程 | 20170512 | 12 | | 3 | Ruby 基础教程 | 20170512 | 63 | | 1 | Python 基础教程 | 20170513 | 441 | | 2 | Scala 基础教程 | 20170513 | 39 | | 3 | Ruby 基础教程 | 20170513 | 87 | | NULL | NULL | 20170513 | 441 | +------+---------------------+----------+-------+
对于聚合函数等,我们也可以使用别名,例如下面的 SQL 语句为 SUM(views)
指定别名 total_view
SELECT lession_name as name,SUM(views) AS total_view FROM lession_views GROUP BY lession_name;
运行结果如下
mysql> SELECT lession_name as name,SUM(views) AS total_view FROM lession_views GROUP BY lession_name; +---------------------+------------+ | name | total_view | +---------------------+------------+ | NULL | 441 | | Python 基础教程 | 981 | | Ruby 基础教程 | 199 | | Scala 基础教程 | 73 | +---------------------+------------+
表的别名
AS
关键词还可以用于给 表名 取一个别名,例如下面的 SQL 语句为 lession_views
取个别名 lv
SELECT * FROM lession_views as lv WHERE lv.lession_id = 2;
运行结果如下
mysql> SELECT * FROM lession_views as lv WHERE lv.lession_id = 2; +----------------+--------------------+------------+----------+-------+ | uniq | lession_name | lession_id | date_at | views | +----------------+--------------------+------------+----------+-------+ | 20170511000002 | Scala 基础教程 | 2 | 20170511 | 22 | | 20170512000002 | Scala 基础教程 | 2 | 20170512 | 12 | | 20170513000002 | Scala 基础教程 | 2 | 20170513 | 39 | +----------------+--------------------+------------+----------+-------+
最佳实战
如果出现以下几种情况之一,使用别名很有用:
- 在查询中涉及超过一个表
- 在查询中使用了函数
- 列名称很长或者可读性差
- 需要把两个列或者多个列结合在一起