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Docker 部署 Nginx 环境

Nginx 是当下最流行的 Web 服务器软件之一，以高性能著称。Docker 部署 Nginx 环境有两种方式：通过 Dockerfile 构建 和 从 Docker Hub 仓库拉取

一 使用 docker pull nginx 拉取 Nginx 镜像

这是最简单的方式，开箱即用

  1. 使用 docker search nginx 命令列出 docker.io 上所有的 Nginx 有关的镜像

    [root@localhost ~]# docker search nginx
NAME                                                   DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
nginx                                                  Official build of Nginx.                        8564                [OK]                
jwilder/nginx-proxy                                    Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1337                                    [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm                                Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   547                                     [OK]
jrcs/letsencrypt-nginx-proxy-companion                 LetsEncrypt container to use with nginx as p…   371                                     [OK]
kong                                                   Open-source Microservice & API Management la…   188                 [OK]                
webdevops/php-nginx                                    Nginx with PHP-FPM                              103                                     [OK]
kitematic/hello-world-nginx                            A light-weight nginx container that demonstr…   99                                      
bitnami/nginx                                          Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      52                                      [OK]
zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql                          Zabbix frontend based on Nginx web-server wi…   51                                      [OK]
1and1internet/ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5   ubuntu-16-nginx-php-phpmyadmin-mysql-5          35                                      [OK]
linuxserver/nginx                                      An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   35                                      
tobi312/rpi-nginx                                      NGINX on Raspberry Pi / armhf                   19                                      [OK]
nginxdemos/nginx-ingress                               NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes . Th…   11                                      
blacklabelops/nginx                                    Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server.          9                                       [OK]
wodby/drupal-nginx                                     Nginx for Drupal container image                9                                       [OK]
webdevops/nginx                                        Nginx container                                 8                                       [OK]
centos/nginx-18-centos7                                Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n…   6                                       
nginxdemos/hello                                       NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co…   6                                       [OK]
1science/nginx                                         Nginx Docker images that include Consul Temp…   4                                       [OK]
centos/nginx-112-centos7                               Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building …   3                                       
pebbletech/nginx-proxy                                 nginx-proxy sets up a container running ngin…   2                                       [OK]
travix/nginx                                           NGinx reverse proxy                             1                                       [OK]
toccoag/openshift-nginx                                Nginx reverse proxy for Nice running on same…   1                                       [OK]
mailu/nginx                                            Mailu nginx frontend                            0                                       [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb                        An APB to deploy NGINX                          0                                       [OK]

    有很多版本，我们选择官方的 nginx

  2. 拉取最新的 nginx 标签

    [root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx:latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
Digest: sha256:0fb320e2a1b1620b4905facb3447e3d84ad36da0b2c8aa8fe3a5a81d1187b884
Status: Image is up to date for nginx:latest

  3. 下载完成后，可以在本地镜像列表里找到 REPOSITORY 为 nginx, 标签为 latest 的镜像

    [root@localhost ~]# docker images nginx
REPOSITORY  TAG     IMAGE ID      CREATED      SIZE
nginx       latest  ae513a47849c  4 weeks ago  109MB

二、 通过 Dockerfile 文件构建

这种方式比较复杂，但可以一定程度的定制和熟悉如何编译安装 Nginx

  1. 创建文件和目录

    创建目录 nginx 用于存放后面的相关东西

    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p nginx/www nginx/logs nginx/conf
    目录 说明
    nginx/www 该目录将映射为 nginx 容器配置的虚拟目录
    nginx/logs 该目录将映射为 nginx 容器的日志目录
    nginx conf

  2. 创建 nginx/Dockerfile 文件

    [root@localhost ~]# touch nginx/Dockerfile
[root@localhost ~]# cd nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# vi Dockerfile

    然后将下面的内容拷贝到 Dockerfile 文件中

    FROM debian:stretch-slim

LABEL maintainer="NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>"

ENV NGINX_VERSION 1.13.12-1~stretch
ENV NJS_VERSION   1.13.12.0.2.0-1~stretch

RUN set -x \
    && apt-get update \
    && apt-get install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests -y gnupg1 apt-transport-https ca-certificates \
    && \
    NGINX_GPGKEY=573BFD6B3D8FBC641079A6ABABF5BD827BD9BF62; \
    found=''; \
    for server in \
        ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net \
        hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 \
        hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 \
        pgp.mit.edu \
    ; do \
        echo "Fetching GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY from $server"; \
        apt-key adv --keyserver "$server" --keyserver-options timeout=10 --recv-keys "$NGINX_GPGKEY" && found=yes && break; \
    done; \
    test -z "$found" && echo >&2 "error: failed to fetch GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY" && exit 1; \
    apt-get remove --purge --auto-remove -y gnupg1 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
    && dpkgArch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)" \
    && nginxPackages=" \
        nginx=${NGINX_VERSION} \
        nginx-module-xslt=${NGINX_VERSION} \
        nginx-module-geoip=${NGINX_VERSION} \
        nginx-module-image-filter=${NGINX_VERSION} \
        nginx-module-njs=${NJS_VERSION} \
    " \
    && case "$dpkgArch" in \
        amd64|i386) \
# arches officialy built by upstream
            echo "deb https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ stretch nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list \
            && apt-get update \
            ;; \
        *) \
# we're on an architecture upstream doesn't officially build for
# let's build binaries from the published source packages
            echo "deb-src https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ stretch nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list \
            \
# new directory for storing sources and .deb files
            && tempDir="$(mktemp -d)" \
            && chmod 777 "$tempDir" \
# (777 to ensure APT's "_apt" user can access it too)
            \
# save list of currently-installed packages so build dependencies can be cleanly removed later
            && savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)" \
            \
# build .deb files from upstream's source packages (which are verified by apt-get)
            && apt-get update \
            && apt-get build-dep -y $nginxPackages \
            && ( \
                cd "$tempDir" \
                && DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS="nocheck parallel=$(nproc)" \
                    apt-get source --compile $nginxPackages \
            ) \
# we don't remove APT lists here because they get re-downloaded and removed later
            \
# reset apt-mark's "manual" list so that "purge --auto-remove" will remove all build dependencies
# (which is done after we install the built packages so we don't have to redownload any overlapping dependencies)
            && apt-mark showmanual | xargs apt-mark auto > /dev/null \
            && { [ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark; } \
            \
# create a temporary local APT repo to install from (so that dependency resolution can be handled by APT, as it should be)
            && ls -lAFh "$tempDir" \
            && ( cd "$tempDir" && dpkg-scanpackages . > Packages ) \
            && grep '^Package: ' "$tempDir/Packages" \
            && echo "deb [ trusted=yes ] file://$tempDir ./" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list \
# work around the following APT issue by using "Acquire::GzipIndexes=false" (overriding "/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/docker-gzip-indexes")
#   Could not open file /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/_tmp_tmp.ODWljpQfkE_._Packages - open (13: Permission denied)
#   ...
#   E: Failed to fetch store:/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/_tmp_tmp.ODWljpQfkE_._Packages  Could not open file /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/_tmp_tmp.ODWljpQfkE_._Packages - open (13: Permission denied)
            && apt-get -o Acquire::GzipIndexes=false update \
            ;; \
    esac \
    \
    && apt-get install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests -y \
                        $nginxPackages \
                        gettext-base \
    && apt-get remove --purge --auto-remove -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list \
    \
# if we have leftovers from building, let's purge them (including extra, unnecessary build deps)
    && if [ -n "$tempDir" ]; then \
        apt-get purge -y --auto-remove \
        && rm -rf "$tempDir" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list; \
    fi

# forward request and error logs to docker log collector
RUN ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx/access.log \
    && ln -sf /dev/stderr /var/log/nginx/error.log

EXPOSE 80

STOPSIGNAL SIGTERM

CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

  3. 使用 docker build 命令通过 Dockerfile 创建镜像 twle/nginx:jessie-1.13.12

    [root@localhost ~]# docker build -t twle/nginx:1.13.12-1-stretch .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  8.704kB
Step 1/9 : FROM debian:stretch-slim
stretch-slim: Pulling from library/debian
f2aa67a397c4: Already exists 
Digest: sha256:b7da507acebb30938b84d38e5adec9755fa3a41d78527ecdc2440c31c4730b11
Status: Downloaded newer image for debian:stretch-slim
...

  4. 创建完成后，可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

    [root@localhost ~]# docker images twle/nginx:1.13.12-1-stretch
REPOSITORY  TAG                IMAGE ID     CREATED            SIZE
twle/nginx  1.13.12-1-stretch  a5ea477e09b9 About a minute ago 109MB

运行 twle/nginx:1.13.12-1-stretch 镜像创建容器

  1. 在当前目录的 www 目录下新建文件 index.html 输入以下内容

    <!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>简单教程，简单编程</title>
<h1>Hello 简单教程</h1>
<p>简单教程的网址是：www.twle.cn </p>

  2. 在当前目录的 conf 目录下新建文件 nginx.conf 输入以下内容

    worker_processes  1;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            root   /www;
            index  index.html index.htm index.php;
        }
    }
}

  3. 使用下面的命令运行我们刚刚创建的 twle/nginx:1.13.12-1-stretch 镜像

    [root@localhost nginx]# docker run -p 80:80 --name my-nginx -v $PWD/www:/www -v $PWD/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf -v $PWD/logs:/wwwlogs  -d twle/nginx:1.13.12-1-stretch  
8c232bd675d742a313ea7e222e3ef1ca864c76815083451da7f89118094c6815
    参数 说明
    -p 80:80 将容器的 80 端口映射到主机的 80 端口
    --name mynginx 将容器命名为 my-nginx
    -v $PWD/www:/www 将当前目录下的 www 挂载到容器的 /www
    -v $PWD/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf 将当前目录下的 nginx.conf 挂载到容器的 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    -v $PWD/logs:/wwwlogs 将主机中当前目录下的 logs 挂载到容器的 /wwwlogs

查看容器启动情况

可以使用 docker ps 命令可以查看容器启动的情况

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES
8c232bd675d7        twle/nginx:1.13.12-1-stretch   "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   6 seconds ago       Up 20 seconds       0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp        my-nginx
d07b599f11e4        jcdemo/flaskapp                "python /src/app.py"     11 hours ago        Up 11 hours         0.0.0.0:32768->5000/tcp   hardcore_lalande

通过浏览器访问 http://localhost 输出如下

← Docker 镜像打标签 Docker 部署 PHP 环境 →

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